01
Chlorine
Why is it there? Cities add chlorine to kill germs on the way to your home. It does a good job.
So what is the catch? Some people do not like the taste or smell. A carbon filter can reduce it once the water reaches your house.
The EPA limit is 4 ppm. Source: EPA (opens in new tab)
02
Hardness and scale
What is hard water? Water with a lot of calcium and magnesium. It is not a health risk.
Then why care? It leaves white spots on glass and scale in water heaters and faucets. A softener can reduce it.
Water over 7 gpg is "hard." Source: USGS (opens in new tab). How hard is Sacramento water?
03
Lead from old pipes
Is lead in the water supply? Usually not. It can enter at the end, from old pipes, solder or fixtures in the home.
Who should check? Homes built before 1986 are more likely to have lead parts. A lab test is the only way to know. Some filters are certified to reduce lead.
The EPA says there is no known safe level of lead. Source: EPA (opens in new tab)
04
PFAS
What are PFAS? Man-made chemicals used in nonstick pans and stain guards. They break down very slowly.
Can you filter them? The EPA says reverse osmosis and activated carbon can reduce PFAS. Check your city's yearly water report to see if they were found.
The EPA set a limit of 4 parts per trillion for PFOA and PFOS. Source: EPA (opens in new tab)